TESTING HISTORICAL HYPOTHESES OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE: BIOMECHANICAL DECOUPLING IN LORICARIOID CATFISHES

Testing Historical Hypotheses of Morphological Change: Biomechanical Decoupling in Loricarioid Catfishes.

The "decoupling hypothesis" has been proposed as a mechanistic basis for the evolution of novel structure and function. Decoupling derives from the release of functional constraints via loss of linkages and/or repetition of individual elements as redundant design components, followed by specialization of one or more elements. Examples of apomorphic decoupling have been suggested for several gro...

Testing fuzzy hypotheses with vague data

The problem of testing fuzzy hypotheses in the presence of vague data is considered. A new method based on the necessity index of strict dominance (NSD) is suggested. An example hoe to apply the proposed test in statistical quality control is shown.

The role of hypotheses in biomechanical research.

This paper investigates whether there is a discrepancy between stated and actual aims in biomechanical research, particularly with respect to hypothesis testing. We present an analysis of one hundred papers recently published in The Journal of Experimental Biology and journal of Biomechanics, and examine the prevalence of papers which (a) have hypothesis testing as a stated aim, (b) contain hyp...

Statistical Testing of Hypotheses

Fuzzy decision in testing hypotheses by fuzzy data: Two case studies

In testing hypotheses, we may confront with cases where data are recorded as non-precise (fuzzy) rather than crisp. In such situations, the classical methods of testing hypotheses are not capable and need to be generalized. In solving the problem of testing hypotheses based on fuzzy data, the fuzziness of the observed data leads to the fuzzy p-value. This paper has been focused to calculate fuz...